이동식 도계차량과 이동식 소각 차량이 필요해진 이유

이동식 도계차량과 이동식 소각 차량이 필요해진 이유

ㅇ 중국, AI감염으로 2명 사망(http://blog.daum.net/meatmarketing/727)ㅇ 인플루엔자 바이러스, 동물계의 위기, 그 원인에 대한 변(辯) (http://blog.daum.net/meatmarketing/1514)ㅇ AI 차단...철저한 방역과 소독이 무엇보다 중요(http://blog.daum.net/meatmarketing/1239)ㅇ ‘저병원성 AI’ 전국 곳곳서 검출…축산농 비상(http://blog.daum.net/meatmarketing/1344)ㅇ AI, 바이러스는 왜 항상 존재하게 되었나? (http://blog.daum.net/meatmarketing/1399)ㅇ 2014년 1월 17일 AI 발생... 해외질병발생동향을 눈여겨 봐야 (http://blog.daum.net/meatmarketing/1381)ㅇ 고창서 또 의심신고… AI 확산 비상(http://blog.daum.net/meatmarketing/1387)ㅇ AI 발생과 대응에 대해(http://blog.daum.net/meatmarketing/1408)ㅇ AI 발병 한 달…닭·오리 380만 마리 매몰 (http://blog.daum.net/meatmarketing/1455)ㅇ AI 대응 연구개발 167억 투자(http://blog.daum.net/meatmarketing/1479)

1. 식용으로 처리하는 방법 - 이동식 도계차량

인터넷을 통해 조회하거나 지인을 통해 얻은 결과로 보면, 이동식 도계차량은 수작업하는 것과 기계식으로 나눠볼 수 있다. AI 등 발생 후 신속한 처리를 위해서는 기계적으로 처리되어야 가능할 텐데 그 내용은 1-4를 살펴보기 바람. 김성호.

<기계식>

<수작업>

Mobile Poultry Processing Unit

Helps take the bite out of processing costs for small-scale poultry producers.
Processing is a big barrier for many would-be small-scale poultry producers. As daunting as butchering hundreds of chickens in your kitchen might be, it's even harder to justify the expense of building dedicated processing facilities when you're just starting to build your market.

That barrier has been lowered substantially for New York pastured-poultry producers by the staff of the South-Central NY RC&D, based in Norwich, N.Y. With the help of grants from Heifer Project International and the USDA-NRCS Graze-NY program, the RC&D built a Mobile Processing Unit (MPU) which is towed with a half-ton pickup to individual farms where producers use it to speed processing of their birds.

The RC&D charges the producers a small per-bird fee plus mileage. That's a bargain compared with the $1 to $1.75 per-bird cost at state-licensed processing facilities, which quickly eats up profits.

With the right tools and a little practice, a couple can process 20 birds per hour with the MPU, says Jim McLaughlin, coordinator of the RC&D's pastured poultry project. The savings translate to $27.50 per-hour for home-processed birds, plus the wastes can be composted to return organic matter to the soil, he notes.

The total cost of the unit was about $3,000, excluding the approximately 70 hours of labor it took to construct. The 25-foot-long unit is built on the frame of a mobile home trailer salvaged from a flood. The original plan was to keep the shell intact so that it could be used in any weather.

But concerns about heat from the scalder making the enclosed space unbearable in warm weather and difficulty maintaining good sanitation -- as well as the poor condition of the original flooring -- led the staff to strip the trailer down to the frame. They extended and reinforced the frame with angle-iron, and added a metal grating floor for easy hose-down.

The components of the system include:

5 poultry crates to handle live birds.
5 poultry kill cones to ensure proper bleeding.
A propane-fired scalder fashioned from a metal drum capable of handling three or four birds at a time.
A homemade 3- to 4-bird barrel-type feather plucker.
A stainless steel processing table.
Chilling tanks.
Knives and scales.
A 20-foot tarp that can be raised to provide shade or protection from the elements.
Hookups for 110-volt electricity and water.

구글 번역결과 :

모바일 가금류 처리 장치

Helps take the bite out of processing costs for small-scale poultry producers. 소규모 가금류 생산자에 대한 처리 비용 밖으로 물린 걸릴 수 있습니다.
Processing is a big barrier for many would-be small-scale poultry producers. 처리는 많은 것이 될 소규모 가금류 생산에 큰 장벽이다. As daunting as butchering hundreds of chickens in your kitchen might be, it's even harder to justify the expense of building dedicated processing facilities when you're just starting to build your market. 로 당신의 부엌에서 닭의 수백을 도살으로 어려운이 될 수 있습니다, 그것은 당신이 당신의 시장을 구축하기 시작 할 때 전용 처리 시설을 구축하는 비용을 정당화하기조차 어렵습니다.

That barrier has been lowered substantially for New York pastured-poultry producers by the staff of the South-Central NY RC&D, based in Norwich, NY With the help of grants from Heifer Project International and the USDA-NRCS Graze-NY program, the RC&D built a Mobile Processing Unit (MPU) which is towed with a half-ton pickup to individual farms where producers use it to speed processing of their birds. 그 장벽은 암소 프로젝트 국제 USDA-NRCS 방목-NY 프로그램, RC & D에서 교부금의 도움으로 노리치, 뉴욕에 본사를 둔 사우스 - 센트럴 뉴욕 RC & D의 직원이 뉴욕 목장으로 - 가금류 생산자 실질적으로 감소되었다 생산자가 자신의 새의 고속 처리에 사용하는 개별 농가에 0.5 톤 픽업을 견인하는 모바일 처리 장치 (MPU)를 내장.

The RC&D charges the producers a small per-bird fee plus mileage. RC & D는 생산 작은 당 새 수수료 플러스 마일리지를 충전합니다. That's a bargain compared with the $1 to $1.75 per-bird cost at state-licensed processing facilities, which quickly eats up profits. 즉 빨리 이익을 잠식 상태 허가 처리 시설에서 $ 1에서 $ 1.75 당 새 비용에 비해 저렴합니다.

With the right tools and a little practice, a couple can process 20 birds per hour with the MPU, says Jim McLaughlin, coordinator of the RC&D's pastured poultry project. 올바른 도구와 약간의 연습으로, 부부는 MPU와 함께 시간당 20 새를 처리 할 수있는, 짐 맥 로린, RC & D의 목장으로 가금류 프로젝트의 코디네이터는 말한다. The savings translate to $27.50 per-hour for home-processed birds, plus the wastes can be composted to return organic matter to the soil, he notes. 저축은 집에서 처리 새들 시간당 $ 27.50로 번역 플러스 폐기물은 토양에 유기물을 반환 퇴비화 할 수있다, 그는 지적했다.

The total cost of the unit was about $3,000, excluding the approximately 70 hours of labor it took to construct. 장치의 총 비용은 구성하는 데 걸린 노동의 약 70시간 제외한 3000 달러였다. The 25-foot-long unit is built on the frame of a mobile home trailer salvaged from a flood. 25 피트 길이의 단위는 홍수에서인양 모바일 홈 트레일러의 프레임에 내장되어 있습니다. The original plan was to keep the shell intact so that it could be used in any weather. 원래 계획은 어떤 날씨에 사용 될 수 있도록 그대로 쉘을 유지하는 것이 었습니다.

But concerns about heat from the scalder making the enclosed space unbearable in warm weather and difficulty maintaining good sanitation -- as well as the poor condition of the original flooring -- led the staff to strip the trailer down to the frame. 그러나 따뜻한 날씨와 어려움 좋은 위생을 유지하는 밀폐 공간이 견딜 만드는 scalder에서 열에 대한 우려뿐만 아니라 - 원래 바닥의 가난한 상태 - 아래 프레임에 트레일러를 제거하기 위해 직원을지도했다. They extended and reinforced the frame with angle-iron, and added a metal grating floor for easy hose-down. 그들은 확장 및 각도 철 프레임을 강화하고, 쉬운 호스 다운의 금속 격자 층을 추가했습니다.

The components of the system include: 시스템의 구성 요소는 다음과 같습니다 :

5 poultry crates to handle live birds. 살아있는 조류를 처리하기 위해 5 가금류 상자.
5 poultry kill cones to ensure proper bleeding. 적절한 출혈을 보장하기 위해 5 가금류 킬 콘.
A propane-fired scalder fashioned from a metal drum capable of handling three or four birds at a time. 한번에 서너 조류를 처리 할 수있는 금속 드럼으로부터 구식 프로판 연소 scalder.
A homemade 3- to 4-bird barrel-type feather plucker. 집에서 만든 3 - 4 - 새 배럴 형 깃털 모공에.
A stainless steel processing table. 스테인레스 가공 테이블.
Chilling tanks. 탱크를 휴식.
Knives and scales. 칼과 저울.
A 20-foot tarp that can be raised to provide shade or protection from the elements. 요소에서 그늘이나 보호를 제공하기 위해 제기 할 수있는 20 피트 방수.
Hookups for 110-volt electricity and water. 110 볼트의 전기와 물을위한 만남.

1-1. Mobile Poultry Processing Unit

관련 내용 : food-farm-safety-mngmt-guide.pdf

1-2. Mobile Slaughtering and/or Processing

Red Meat Mobile Units

Farmers need ready access to good quality slaughter and processing facilities in order to direct market meat and poultry products from their animals. Many regions of New York do not have sufficient facilities to meet the needs of local farmers, particularly during busy times of the year. New stationary plants are very expensive to build. Mobile plants are less expensive and may help fill the void. The initial investment in a mobile facility can be shared by several businesses or a cooperative, in order to better attract capital and spread operating costs. The owners will need to determine whether the mobile unit can service enough animals to make it worth the investment. Reliable estimates of the actual demand in the probable service area and of the daily volume of animals the plant can efficiently handle are necessary to make this determination. Keep in mind that the travel/labor expenses to get animals to and from processing are often reversed onto the operator of the mobile plant (rather than the owner of the animals) and may result in additional costs to a mobile plant operator as compared to a stationary plant.

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Poultry

One of the largest areas of growth in on-farm processing and sales has been in the production of pastured poultry. Pastured poultry is a production model where broiler chickens are raised predominantly on pasture in some form of movable structure. Due to the relatively small numbers of birds per farm and the seasonality of this production system, it can be difficult to find poultry processors to handle these birds. Additionally, almost all USDA poultry plants in New York are operated by private packers who do not slaughter or process birds for other farmers regardless of the season or volume.

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Mobile Facilities for Marketing Under the 1000 Bird Exemption

Starting in the mid 1990’s several Mobile (Poultry) Processing Units have been designed and built for use in New York State by poultry farmers marketing their own birds under the 1000 bird exemption from federal inspection. These units are basically open trailers with poultry processing equipment mounted onto them. The operational concept is similar to that of an individual going to an equipment rental store and renting whatever equipment was needed to do the particular job on the farm. The trailers can be pulled by small pickup trucks either belonging to the poultry farm or the actual owner of the unit – which is often a non-profit agency providing services to farmers. Rental prices are based on the volume of birds to be processed or on a per bird price. In addition, there is usually a transportation fee depending on the distance the unit has to travel between the farm and its storage area. In most cases, farmers must replenish the scalder’s propane tank after use.

The units are usually intended to assist first year poultry producers with processing while they save up money to invest in their own stationary processing equipment and become proficient at safe and sanitary slaughtering and processing procedures. Participating farmers usually go through a training program on sanitary poultry slaughtering and processing. Many inexperienced processors will assist an experienced farmer operating the unit before they are able to rent the unit for use on their own farms.

One of the first mobile units was manufactured by the South Central New York Resource Conservation and Development Agency (SCNY RC&D). The unit was made by stripping a camper trailer to its frame, welding expanded metal to the frame and reinforcing it with additional angle iron. The processing components were then attached. These components included 5 poultry crates for containing live birds, 5 poultry kill cones to ensure correct bleeding, a propane fired scalder (capable of handling 3 to 4 birds at a time), a 3 to 4 bird barrel-type feather picker, a stainless steel evisceration table, chill tanks for processed birds, knives and scales. A 20-foot long tarp was included to provide shade and protection from the elements. There were also hookups for 110-volt electricity and water. Approximate construction cost for the MPU in 1995 was $3000 not including the 70 hours of labor required to assemble the unit.
A series of educational resources for use in training small poultry processors using mobile units is available from Cornell Cooperative Extension of Allegany County.

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Mobile units for custom slaughter/processing

Mobile units are allowed for custom processing of poultry under the same limitations as any other custom transaction, i.e. the slaughtered or processed birds must be for the personal use of the owner. The unit would need to be inspected by the state (under contract with USDA FSIS) for prior approval.

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<h4Mobile units for NY 5-A poultry plants

The New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets has interpreted the definition of places and establishments where animal or poultry are butchered for food in the NY Agriculture & Markets (NYAM) Law to include mobile slaughter units. Therefore, New York State is willing to accept the operation of 5-A mobile poultry plants under Article 5-A of the NYAM Law. Such mobile units must satisfy the requirements of poultry farmers operating under the Producer/Grower – 20,000 bird exemption from federal inspection. In addition, farmers operating under the Producer/Grower – 1,000 bird exemption (only processing 1000 birds or less per calendar year to be marketed direct to consumers), may also rent the services of these mobile units but would not need to apply for a 5-A license.

The units are often fully enclosed trailers with similar design and equipment to stationary 5-A poultry plants. one such mobile unit, recently approved in New York and scheduled to operate in the Hudson Valley region, is owned by Wildcraft Farms. The farm’s owner, Ed Leonardi, plans for individual poultry farmers to go through a certification training program so that they could supply the labor when the mobile unit is on their farm. He estimates that it would take 6 to 8 people to process 500 chickens per day – with most farms only being able to supply enough labor to process 250 chickens per day. The farms would supply the propane, electricity, and potable water for the unit on-site and their own air compressor for operating the onboard dunker-scalder. Farms would need a level pad to park the unit and sufficient driveway clearance for an 8.5 x 28 ft trailer. The unit was made by retrofitting a new 2-car transport trailer with steel rather than aluminum walls. The unit is outfitted with a shackle system, killing tunnel, dunker-scalder, picker, hand wash sink, double sink, evisceration table, quality assurance table, bagging table and two chill tanks on wheels. Additional equipment includes an on-demand hot water heater, pressure pump, space heaters, and air conditioner. The unit obtained a waiver from the 5-A requirement for separate rooms for kill and evisceration in part because of the use of a killing tunnel.

Kentucky State University uses a refitted gooseneck trailer to provide slaughter/processing facilities to poultry farmers operating under the 20,000 bird exemption. The unit does not go from farm to farm. Instead, it was granted an exemption by the USDA FSIS Administrator from the requirement that a facility operating under a 20,000 bird exemption be limited to slaughtering for only one poultry owner at a given location. The trailer is docked at one of two centralized docking stations that are tied-in to septic, potable water and 220-volt electrical systems. The docking stations operate as fully enclosed kill floors and the trailer operates as the evisceration room. Rather than renting the services of mobile unit employees for the days, farmers are required to undergo rigorous training in the plant’s HACCP plans and standard operating procedures in order to operate as facility manager on their scheduled slaughter/processing days. Several farmers utilizing the plant have been able to expand their operations to more than 20,000 birds per year and eventually build their own stationary USDA poultry plants.

There are several steps a New York farmer needs to go through to use a poultry mobile slaughtering unit (PMSU) under an Article 5-A license. The farmer must 1) consult with local zoning officials for an approved plan for operating a PMSU, 2) consult with zoning officials for an approved plan to dispose of inedible waste, 3) develop a NYSDAM approved floor plan for the PMSU – the operator/owner of the PMSU usually provides this, 4) have the water which will supply the PMSU, tested for potability, and 5) submit documentation of the above to the NYSDAM FSI Region Chief Inspector for approval. An Article 5-A License application can then be forwarded upon approval of documents. After review of the establishment/farm’s facilities, including access to a toilet facility, the Department may consider a facility variance from certain requirements; provided that the mobile unit has met Department approval and the establishment /farm acknowledges the unit’s operator as an employee of the establishment/farm as so stated pursuant to Article 5-A of Agriculture and Markets Law. Please note, the Article 5-A License is issued to the poultry farmer’s premises; not to the PMSU. Establishments/farms employing a PMSU must maintain compliance with the NYSDAM PMSU Protocol, and are responsible for ensuring the mobile unit is clean and sanitized before it enters the premises and, cleaned and sanitized before the unit leaves the premises.

The NYSDAM Division of Food Safety Inspection has recently written an easy-to-read protocol for the licensing of PMSUs. This protocol is reproduced verbatim below.

(FSI-1120A 10/09)
NYS Department of Agriculture & Markets
Division of Food Safety & Inspection
10B Airline Drive
Albany, NY 12235

Poultry Mobile Slaughtering Unit Protocol
Establishments intending to utilize a Poultry Mobile Slaughtering Unit (PMSU) must adhere to the following guidelines:

1. The operator of the Poultry Mobile Slaughtering Unit shall arrange to meet with the Zone Supervising Inspector or Regional Chief Inspector to discuss their plans for their poultry mobile slaughtering unit. The operator shall submit a floor plan of their proposed operations to the Meat and Poultry Supervisor and/or the Zone Supervisor prior to the meeting. The unit floor plan shall include but not be limited to the following:
 Dimensions of the unit.
 Location of the hand wash sink, and equipment washing and sanitizing sinks within the unit.
 Location of refrigeration equipment.
 Location of hot water and potable water supply.
 Location of water storage facilities or outlet.
 Location of entrance/exit.
 License number of vehicle(s).

Note: Potable water source and discharge of wastewater must be approved in writing by the appropriate county or state health department.

2. The establishment/farm leasing the poultry mobile slaughtering unit slaughtering more than 250 turkeys or 1,000 birds of all other species must be inspected and licensed by the Department of Agriculture and Markets, pursuant to the regulations of Article 5-A, of the Agriculture and Markets Law.

3. only after review of the establishment/farm’s facilities, including access to a toilet facility, the Department may consider a facility variance from certain requirements, provided the mobile unit has met Department approval and the establishment/farm acknowledges the units operator as an employee of the establishment/farm as so stated pursuant to Article 5-A of the Agriculture and Markets Law.

4. The operator of the poultry mobile slaughtering unit and the licensee shall be required to keep the following written records:
 Names and addresses of establishments/farms leasing the mobile slaughtering unit and dates used.
 Production records indicating the species and number of poultry processed for retail sale and wholesale.
 Standard Sanitation Operating Procedure (SSOP) log for each day processing occurs.
 Water quality verification.

5. Finished product (wrapped, encased) labeling shall contain the establishment/farm’s name, address and the statement “Exempt P.L. 90-492”.

6. The operator of the poultry mobile slaughtering unit will be required to fax to the appropriate Regional Chief Inspector or Zone Supervising Inspector their tentative monthly slaughtering schedule at the beginning of each month.

7. The poultry mobile slaughtering unit operator and the licensee must consult with local zoning officials before commencing the operation of the poultry mobile slaughtering unit.

For more information, contact any NYSDAM Regional Office at:
ALBANY SYRACUSE ROCHESTER BUFFALO NEW YORK CITY NEWBURGH
(518) 457-5459 (315) 487-0852 (585) 427-2273 (716) 847-3185 (718) 722-2876 (845) 220-2047

<h4Mobile units for USDA federal inspected or USDA equivalent poultry plants

The Vermont Department of Agriculture now operates a USDA equivalent state inspected mobile poultry unit for use by farmers in their state. This unit consists of a completely enclosed 8’ x 36’ trailer with separate kill and eviscerating rooms, tiny on board bathroom and office for state inspectors (rarely if ever used), ice machine, on board generator, and on board propane tanks for the hot water and scalder. The unit is towed with an F-550 truck. Most of the equipment was purchased through Cornerstone Farm Ventures http://cornerstone-farm.com/ in Norwich, New York. The unit was manufactured by Brothers Body & Equipment in Ohio. The unit is valued at about $93,000 and is leased to a private operator under a 2-year renewable contract with a buy out option. The Vermont Department of Natural Resources has granted a variance so that the mobile unit can manage wastewater when on-farm as a farm operation. Farmers rent the unit and the operator’s services. The operator can process 100 birds per day. However, the unit was designed to employ two people processing 200 birds per day.

Unlike Vermont, New York does not have provision for USDA equivalent state inspected meat plants. Thus, NY farmers and funding agencies wanting to operate a similar mobile unit under USDA federal inspection would need to contact the USDA FSIS District Office in Albany to discuss the likelihood of similar prototypes being approved as mobile USDA poultry plants in New York.

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Red Meat Mobile Units

Custom slaughter/processing

Custom mobile units have been permitted in the past in New York. However, unless animals are being processed the same day that they are field harvested, or the farm has its own cooler facilities for hanging carcasses, the mobile units may actually result in more back and forth transportation than a stationary plant. The animals are normally field harvested and then transported back to the mobile unit’s docking station where they are hung in a refrigerated truck. After hanging, they are moved to the mobile processing unit for cutting and packaging, and then transferred to a freezer truck for return to the consumer. The mobile processing unit has similar facilities to those required for a 20-C mobile red meat processing unit. The unit needs to be inspected by the state (under contract with USDA FSIS) for prior approval. The owner of the animal must take possession of the meat/meat products, which are limited to their personal use and must be marked “not for sale”.

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Retail Meat Processing (20-C)

The New York State Department of Agriculture & Markets interprets the definition of places and establishments where animals or poultry are processed for food in the NY Agriculture & Markets (NYAM) Law to include mobile processing units. Therefore a farmer may get livestock inspected and passed at a USDA federally inspected slaughter house and properly transport the meat back to the farm for further processing under the farmer’s own 20-C retail meat processing license at an on-site mobile unit previously approved for 20-C red meat processing. The restrictions for marketing the resulting meat products are identical to those for USDA inspected meat processed at a stationary 20-facility.
One such 20-C mobile processing unit operates under the name “Cowboy Custom Processing”. This unit operates out of Schoharie County, NY. The unit is an 8’ x 24’enclosed trailer that can be pulled by a ¾-ton pickup truck. It includes a saw, mixer, grinder, cutting tables, three-bay sink, programmable scale, and wrapping equipment. The owner, Eric Shelley, provided all labor other than installation of the refrigeration system. The whole unit cost “not much more than a new truck” and was partially funded through a low-interest loan from the county Industrial Development Agency (IDA). The unit serviced at least four farms operating under individual 20-C licenses. Several of these farms expanded their markets enough to eventually build their own stationary 20-C establishments. Similar to mobile poultry plants, a complete time-consuming cleanup of the unit is required between uses by different farms. Thus, its efficiency increases as the number of animals processed per farm visit increases.

The conditions that the 20-C farmer and the mobile unit operator must meet are listed in the following NYSDAM FSI document.

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Mobile Retail Meat Processing Unit Protocol

Establishments intending to utilize a mobile retail meat-processing unit must adhere to the following guidelines:
1. Establishment operators shall arrange to meet with the NYSDAM FSI Zone Supervising Inspector or Regional Chief Inspector to discuss their plans for their mobile retail meat-processing unit. The establishment operator shall submit a floor plan of their proposed operations to the Zone Supervisor prior to the meeting. The unit floor plan shall include but not be limited to the following:
• Dimensions of the unit
• Location of equipment, hand wash sink, and washing and sanitizing sinks within the unit.
• Location of refrigeration equipment.
• Location of hot water and wastewater storage facilities.
• Location of entrance/exit.
• License number of vehicle(s)

Note: Potable water source and discharge of wastewater must be approved in writing by the appropriate county or state health department.

2. The mobile retail meat processing unit may operate only at an establishment/farm inspected and licensed by the Department of Agriculture and Markets, pursuant to the regulations of Article 20-C, of the Agriculture and Markets Law.

4. The operator of the mobile retail meat-processing unit and the licensee shall be required to keep the following written records:
• Documentation, i.e. invoices or receipts, verifying all meats/meat products for retail were slaughtered at a USDA facility
• Production records indicating the start weight of the carcass and how many pounds were processed for retail sale. .
• Standard Sanitation Operating Procedure (SSOP) log for each day processing occurs.
• Water quality verification.

5. Finished product (cut, wrapped) labeling shall contain the establishment/farm’s name, address and all other information required by law.

6. The operator of the mobile retail meat-processing unit will be required to fax to the appropriate Regional Chief Inspector or Zone Supervising Inspector their tentative monthly processing schedule at the beginning of each month.

7. The mobile retail meat-processing unit and the licensee must consult with local zoning officials before commencing the operation of the mobile retail meat-processing unit.

8. The mobile retail meat processing unit operator and/or the licensee may be required under Article 5-C to register as a Disposal Plant/Transportation Service.

For more information, contact a NYSDAM Regional Office: ALBANY (518) 457-5459; SYRACUSE (315) 487-0852; ROCHESTER (585) 427-2273; BUFFALO (716) 847-3185; NEW YORK CITY (718) 722-2876.

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5-A Non-Amenable Meats

The flat bed trailers used in NY for mobile slaughter/processing of poultry under the 1000 bird exemption are not sufficient for the slaughter and processing of rabbits under a 5-A license. However, it is likely that a protocol could be developed to allow for the slaughter and processing of rabbits in the enclosed trailers approved by NY for 5-A poultry processing. Several other states operate modified mobile units that are approved for poultry farmers operating under the Producer/Grower – 20,000 bird exemption AND rabbit producers.

There are no mobile processing units for large non-amenable species in New York. However, the first large scale mobile slaughter/processing units operated in the United States were originally designed for the field harvesting of large non-amenable meat species. Animals were dispatched outside the trailers and then the carcasses brought in for further processing. The expense of the units is probably the major impediment to their operation in New York.

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USDA federally inspected or USDA equivalent plants

USDA federally inspected red meat mobile plants now operate in several states. These units consist of tractor/trailer combinations. Most units are equipped to only slaughter, dress out, wash, and store the carcasses. The carcasses are then transported to a centralized cut and wrap stationary establishment or to a farmer designated meat locker or other such processing plant. These units require creative thinking and problem solving on the part of regional USDA FSIS officers because the federal regulations are based on stationary meat plants.

Special issues relating to mobile red meat USDA slaughter plants include considerations as to the needs of the inspector. Most inspectors working with mobile plants need advance notice of schedules and slaughter locations than is required by an inspector operating at a stationary meat plant. Directions to each location need to be provided well in advance. Prior approval of each site may be necessary. If inspectors need to travel a long distance to meet the traveling unit, overtime may be required. Inspectors need access to computers and telephones regardless of the location of the facility; this requirement is not waved for mobile units in the field. However, technological advances -in terms of cell phones and EVDO wireless cards – often provide sufficient access. Mobile USDA facilities typically do not include rest room facilities. Instead, FSIS offices in several states have issued waivers allowing the use of portable rest rooms or farmhouse lavatories. The units usually provide a place for the inspector’s file cabinet, storage cabinet and horizontal space for computer and printer use and storage of his/her records, brands, and supplies.

Another challenging issue for the field unit is the designation of the official address of the mobile unit. Mobile units have used the official address of either the home address of the unit’s manager or the address of the stationary processing plant affiliated with the mobile unit.

The water used for slaughtering and processing must be certified as potable. Several mobile units carry their own water tanks (e.g. 500 gallons) which are filled at specific locations supplying the certified potable water requirements. In situations where the farm’s water is not certified, the on-farm water is used only for cleaning the outside of the mobile unit. In some cases, each farm is required to provide a certification of potable water and thus meets the water supply requirement. The units must supply 180º F water. This can be achieved by a heat exchanger and electric sterilizers, or hot water heaters. Some mobile units in addition to carrying potable water also carry holding tanks to contain a wastewater. In other cases, the farmer is responsible for discharging wastewater properly.

Other issues may need to be addressed with mobile units. The trailers should be parked on a gravel or concrete pad. Concrete pads need to be sloped with drain lines or fields for run-off, while gravel pads have the advantage of allowing blood and water to percolate through. Slaughtering and processing wastewater should not be discharged into sewers or storm drains. The live animal inspection and kill usually takes place in outside pens supplied by the farm and adjacent to the trailer-landing pad. Adequate restraint must be provided for dentition examination of the animals if necessary and for humane stunning. Depending on the number of animals slaughtered and the frequency the site is used, the pen flooring can be grass, gravel, or concrete. Rodent control is also an issue and the site must not harbor any rodents. This can be an issue when the pens are located near or within a barn structure. Vegetation around the landing site should be mowed short or eliminated to discourage rodents.

After the animal has been inspected and dispatched, it is then hoisted into the trailer but only after the previous carcass has been moved into the cooler. The access door should be closed immediately behind the animal to avoid flies. Carcasses are inspected on the rail after skinning but prior to washing. In some cases, inedible offal can be inspected on the floor if space is otherwise limited for this activity. Removable head racks and drain trays may be used for head and edible offal inspections respectively. Inedible materials are often properly and legally disposed of on-farm under variances from state officials allowing the mobile unit to operate as an on-farm activity. Some states such as New York allow on-farm composting.

Most of the units currently approved for federally inspected red meat are designed to handle cattle and pigs. Several of these were built through either Tri Van http://www.trivan.net/ in Ferndale, WA and Waco, TX or Featherlite http://www.fthr.com/ in Cresco, Iowa. Featherlite has several dealers in the Northeast US. The currently approved units may be larger than what is necessary for small ruminants only. The Spirit of Humane http://spiritofhumane.com/ in Wisconsin used a grant from the Sustainable Agricultural Research and Education (SARE) Program to develop a mobile slaughter unit for sheep and goats. The unit is only approved for custom slaughter thus far, but, purportedly, was built to meet USDA federal inspection standards. It consists of an 8 x 24 x 8 ft. trailer towed by a ¾-ton pickup. The trailer was created by bolting a truck van body to a mobile home trailer bed. It includes an electrically heated ceramic tile floor, food grade plastic coated walls and reinforced ceiling, grey water collection tank, 4 x 8 ft. chill area with side exit from the trailer, water proof lighting, stainless steel sink and work tables, and a double rail upright slaughter restrainer for humane Halal kill of small ruminants within the back part of the trailer. USDA inspectors did a walk thru of the plant and recommended increased ventilation to prevent moisture condensation by adding a ceiling air conditioner and fan, and an active insect control system such as an ultra violet light flytrap. The unit cost $46,000 to build including research, design and redesign time. The owners estimate that similar units could be built for $25,000.

To date, there are no USDA mobile red meat plants operating in New York. Units have been built for possible use and the USDA FSIS regional office is determining the feasibility of allowing USDA mobile units within the state.

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Obtaining a Federal Grant of Inspection for a Mobile Red Meat Slaughter Unit:

1) File an application for a Federal Grant of Inspection with your USDA FSIS District office. Be sure to include either a drawing or written description of the “Limits of the Establishment Premises”.
2) Make sure that the unit meets Regulatory Performance Standards (listed in Sections 416.1 to 416.6 of Title 9 of the Federal Code). A FSIS representative from the District Office (often the frontline supervisor) will inspect your unit.
3) Reserve an establishment number and obtain approved labels containing the assigned establishment number.
4) Obtain approved water source letter from local authorities that identifies the water source, states that the source is approved and that water is certified as potable and meets EPA testing requirements. An acceptable current water laboratory sample report must be on file before inspection can be granted.
5) Obtain an approved sewage system letter from local health agency. In several cases, dispersal of blood and waste water into farmer’s fields has been approved for mobile units.
6) Provide a written Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for Sanitation – Sections 416.11 to 416.17 of Title 9 of the Federal Code.
7) Provide a written Hazard Analysis and HACCP Plan – Section 417 of Title 9 of the Federal Code.
8) Submit schedules for hours of operation as soon in advance as possible.
9) Make sure “office space” for the inspector is prepared. Can be a conveniently located locker and horizontal space. Obtain prior approval to dispense with desk and toilet requirements if these will not be available.

USDA FSIS is preparing the publication, “Guidelines on Mobile Slaughter Unit Compliance”. There is a publication on “Guidelines for Obtaining a Federal Grant of Inspection” (includes sample forms and approval letters) at: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/Regulations_&_Policies/Grant_of_Inspection_Guideline/index.asp

For more information on mobile meat plants, check out the mobile processing page on the Niche Meat Processing Assistance Network’s Website http://www.extension.org/pages/Mobile_Slaughter/Processing_Units

A mobile 20-C processing facility. (Photos: Eric Shelley)

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1-3. Kentucky Mobile Poultry Processing Unit

Updated Sept. 2013

In the last few years, there has been a huge increase in demand for rabbit processing services. This MPU is currently processing around 80 rabbits a week, about every other week. Producers are selling the rabbit meat at farmer's markets, restaurants and retailers- one producer commented that he "can't grow them fast enough." However many rabbits he can produce, there's a market for all of them. Previously, rabbit processing was done "under the table" as there was no legal option for rabbit producers in Kentucky. Now, with a state-approved MPU, producers can legally process and sell rabbit meat within the state.

This small mobile poultry processing unit was built in Kentucky in 2001 by Heifer International with Kentucky State University (KSU), Partners for Family Farms (PFF), and the National Center for Appropriate Technology (NCAT). State-approved but uninspected, the MPU is owned and maintained by KSU. Farmers use it on a rental basis to process poultry and aquaculture.

The training and use manual for this unit, complete with HACCP plan and detailed operating procedures, is available for a small fee. For this and other information about the unit, contact:

Steve Skelton
(502) 597-7501
steven.skelton@kysu.edu
NOTE: Call first, as email is not always accessible.

Basic information

Capacity per day: It depends on who is staffing the unit, but 200-250 is probably the limit.
Hours/day of operation: 7.5 maximum (over that, user pays overtime)
Weeks/year: It is busy almost year-round: aquaculture from January – March; poultry starts in April; in November, KSU uses it for campus farm turkeys. Some months it’s used Mon-Thurs every week.
Species: poultry (e.g. chickens, turkeys, pheasants, quail), aquaculture (e.g. caviar, paddle fish, prawns), and rabbits
Services: rented to farmers to slaughter and process these species
Square feet: The trailer is 160 sf. The docking station is 960 sf.
#/type of employees: one part-time: the MPU coordinator, an employee of Kentucky State University
Annual sales revenues: they don’t know exactly, but it breaks even: rental and training fees cover all operating costs except the coordinator, who is paid by KSU.
Price of Services: $75 for first 50 chickens, $0.75 each additional; $75 for first 15 turkeys, $3.50 each additional; $50 for the first 50 rabbits, $0.50 for each additional (cost includes gas, water, electricity, aprons, booties, cleaning). The unit how has a vacuum packaging machine- bags are $0.22 each. $75 for for the first 2 years of training, $50 after that (every user, every two years). There is a flat $75 fee to rent the unit for aquaculture processing.
Operational costs: Hard to know, because the MPU uses KSU farm infrastructure (e.g. water).
Retail on-site: no
Wholesale: no
Inspection: neither; state-approved & operating under exemption
Certified organic: no
Certification agency: n/a
Custom work: all custom
Source verification on label: n/a

Market opportunity/processing problem

Small, specialty poultry producers can raise free-range or organic poultry to boost income on limited-resource farms and feed the market for niche poultry (e.g. local, cage-free, and pasture-raised). Many would like to expand their operations but may lack access to processing, because very few small poultry processing plants that are government licensed or inspected are open to independent producers. Some states allow some number (from less than 1000 to 20,000, depending on the state) of birds to be processed on-farm without government inspection.

Kentucky, however, allows no such exemption. At the time the MPU was built, Kentucky farmers who wanted to raise specialty poultry for market had nowhere to process their birds. Since the MPU began operating, one independent poultry processing plant has opened. SS Enterprises, which is just outside of Bowling Green, is Kentucky's first USDA inspected independent poultry processing plant.

Original MPU design with awning

Organizations involved

The MPU was one element of a multi-year pastured poultry project, a collaboration led by Heifer, including Kentucky State University and Partners for Family Farms (PFF; another nonprofit). Two Kentucky state agencies, the Department of Agriculture and the Cabinet of Health, were also involved extensively. Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE, within USDA) provided the seed money. University of Kentucky (Lexington) also provided guidance and support. The National Center for Appropriate Technology (USDA) developed materials to help farmers start and maintain pastured poultry businesses (see below).

Basic history/development

In the mid 1990s, Heifer and partners began working with limited resource farmers in several southern states, including Kentucky, to explore the pastured poultry model. Farmers liked the idea but had limited access to legal processing facilities. Farmers also wanted information about feed, labor, appropriate bird types, and business planning and development.

In 1997, Heifer and the above-listed partners, working with the farmers, decided to build a mobile processing unit for use in Kentucky. (Similar teams were assembled in Alabama and Mississippi to plan MPUs for their states, but their regulatory agencies were not as cooperative, and they had to find alternatives.)

With a $15,000 SARE grant as seed money, the team consulted with state and federal agencies about health and safety requirements, then designed and built the MPU. Poultry MPUs had already been built elsewhere around the country, but Heifer raised the bar, building “the Cadillac of poultry MPUs.” Partners for Family Farms, the KY Department of Agriculture, Kentucky State University, and others helped raise the $55,000 needed to do so. The MPU was completed in 2001, and it began to travel from farm to farm.

Soon, however, the MPU was immobilized: both the USDA and state agencies weren’t happy with it and required changes (detailed below in regulations section) related to waste water and having an enclosed room for slaughter, separate from the processing area. In addition, under Heifer ownership, the cost of liability insurance was prohibitively expensive. Heifer sold the MPU to KSU in 2005 for $1; KSU hired Steve Skelton to get it up and running again. A permanent, enclosed docking station was built at KSU that satisfied the regulators.

Today, the MPU is mobile again and very busy. As MPU Coordinator, Skelton is regularly on the road, taking it between the three docking stations. The docking stations are at KSU, in Frankfort; at Morehead State University, in Morehead; and in Jackson County. He also takes it to aquaculture ponds. While all poultry must be processed at a docking station, aquaculture can be processed pond-side, without a docking station.

The MPU now has ten regular users. It is considered a pioneer in mobile processing, and many producers and organizations from across the country have visited it or requested information.

Inside the MPU

Funding sources

The MPU cost $70,000 to plan and build. SARE provided $15,000 in seed money, within a larger ($100K) grant for the larger pastured poultry project. The other $55,000 was raised by Partners for Family Farms and others. The MPU coordinator is an employee of Kentucky State University. All other operating expenses are covered by user fees.

Business plan

No business plan was written beyond “build it and they will come.” Fortunately, that turned out to be true.

Deciphering regulations and complying

At the beginning, the regulatory requirements were not at all clear, even to the agencies themselves. Heifer, with help from PFF, consulted with both federal and state agencies and then built the MPU. But once it was up & running, problems arose.

USDA originally said it wouldn’t inspect the MPU, so Heifer assumed it would operate under the federal exemption for plants processing fewer than 20,000 birds per year. But when the ribbon cutting ceremony for the MPU got USDA’s attention, the agency said no, that exemption only applies to stationary plants, not to a facility used by multiple operators at multiple locations. Heifer then had to get what they called “an exemption from the exemption,” from USDA. This only happened after the Kentucky Department of Agriculture and the Cabinet of Health Services were satisfied with how the MPU operated, which required significant modifications to the original plan.

Health Services required the waste water to be treated and not spread on farm fields. They also required an enclosed kill area that was less flimsy than the original, moveable awning. The solution that was finally approved was a docking station that met specific sanitation requirements (listed below). A farmer can use the MPU for on-farm processing if he builds an approved docking station, but it is much less expensive to travel to the existing ones.

Aquaculture processing can be done pond-side, without a docking station, as long as there is a level place to place the trailer, potable water, and electricity. Water used for processing can go back into the pond or a drainage ditch.

Today, Health Services must be informed every time the unit is used, and they are present at many processing sessions. USDA inspects the MPU once per year and reviews HACCP paperwork. All MPU users must be trained every two years on how to use the MPU, including HACCP, SOPs, and SSOPs. The first half is in the classroom, the second half is processing birds. They then take a test, and if they pass, they are given a facility manager number, which must go on all their product labels and is good for two years. Without that number, they cannot process. The MPU coordinator makes sure HACCP is followed each time the unit is used.

The MPU operates under the following plans:

Standard Operating Procedures
Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures
Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points
Good Manufacturing Practices
Recall Plan

Today, the MPU's operating procedures are “one of the best examples of HACCP on a small scale,” says NCAT’s Anne Fanatico. The MPU's smooth functioning is evidence that HACCP doesn’t have to overwhelm a small processing operation.

Plant design

The MPU was designed by Steve Muntz, of Heifer, who consulted many people along the way. The MPU itself is an enclosed, gooseneck cargo trailer, 20’ x 8’, with the processing equipment pulled into a building shell. The trailer must be pulled by at least a ¾ ton pickup truck with a gooseneck ball and electrical connections for trailer and brake lights.

The MPU must be used within a docking station that meets these requirements:

Level pad to park the unit;
An additional concrete pad for the slaughter area, sloped to drain;
Electric: 200 amp service panel that is either waterproof/covered;
Water: from an approved municipal source or a tested well, with a flow rate of at least 10 gallons per minute;
Wastewater treatment: 750-gallon grease trap and a 1500-gallon septic tank that has a float sensor with an alarm or light as a fill indicator; water must be pumped out and hauled to an approved wastewater treatment plant;
MPU user must bring a 100-lb. propane tank to provide heat for the scalder (propane tanks cannot travel with MPU due to risk);
Ability to maintain high level of sanitation and exclude insects/pests (at KSU, it is a pole barn).

How it works:

Birds are slaughtered outside, passed through the window into the trailer to be eviscerated, cleaned, and chilled;
Sanitation procedures require users to wear boots, aprons, gloves, hair nets, and no jewelry;
Bird health: only birds that originate from hatcheries approved by the National Poultry Improvement Plan (NPIP) can be processed, and the MPU coordinator is trained to condemn unhealthy live birds and identify internal signs of disease;
Users clean up after each use: wash, rinse, sanitize;
The MPU coordinator provides oversight and assistance if needed.

Big Glitches and how they were solved

As noted above, the MPU was originally meant to be used at many sites, both farms and fairgrounds. But state agency site and docking station requirements prevented that. The MPU cannot be hooked into a municipal waste water system. Instead, it must have its own septic system, but few septic contractors are willing to come to pump out waste water. (KSU contracts with a septic company to pump it out occasionally.)

Also, Health Services insisted on an enclosed kill room, separate from the processing area. The MPU originally created this with a side-opening awning to create a screened kill area. However, the awning was hard to set up and take down, and the screen wasn’t stable in wind, so insects could get in. The area under the awning was also quite small and difficult to work in. An enclosed building, as at the KSU docking station, provides more room and is better at keeping out insects and other pests.

Insurance was also a big problem at first. Because Heifer is a nonprofit organization, it had to require all users of the MPU to have $1 million in liability insurance. This was prohibitively expensive for many farmers. Under KSU ownership, users need only sign a waiver of liability each time they process, though they are advised to carry a product liability rider on their farm policy.

For full traceability, each product label has the user name, address, telephone, and the user’s facility manager number, which the user is given after passing the biannual training course. All labels are also marked “Exempt Poultry P.L. 90-492.”

Required equipment

Staff needed and how they were found/trained, what they cost

The MPU is used by the farmers themselves. However, because the MPU requires a high level of knowledge to use, a KSU employee serves as coordinator.

All users must take a one-day Facility Manager training once every two years, which covers HACCP, pathogen reduction, sanitation, and standard operating procedures. KSU provides the training, which costs $50 per user.

Financial sustainability plan

Fees for service cover the operating costs except for the coordinator.

Markets accessed

Marketing is done by individual producers, who report that they consistently sell everything they can process. They sell to farmers markets, restaurants, and some even to grocery stores. one couple simply put an ad in their local paper and can barely keep up with demand; one of their customers regularly drives 72 miles to buy a dozen at a time.

Growth to date

The MPU has been running smoothly since 2005. By providing access to processing, it has allowed small, specialty poultry and aquaculture businesses in KY to expand their operations and improve their profitability.

As a pioneer in small-scale and mobile poultry processing, the MPU has been a model for similar efforts around the country. No one has replicated it exactly (it was expensive and can’t be used for on-farm poultry processing), but people and organizations continue to be interested in all aspects of it, to help them design their own processing solutions and to navigate the regulations. For example, someone who went through the MPU training decided he could operate his own plant and built his own small, stationary, USDA-inspected poultry processing plant in Bowling Green, KY (SS Enterprises).

Greatest Challenges

In the beginning, the greatest challenge was developing a deeper level of trust and understanding between producers and state agencies. The project development team had to help the Kentucky Department of Health realize that farmers are not out to break any laws. They also taught producers how to document their work and helped them understand the reasoning behind certain food safety practices. Looking ahead, the biggest challenge appears to be having enough units to meet demand. The number of small growers in the state has increased and Kentucky's buy local movement is going strong. The state went from about 50-60 farmers markets in 2005 to over 140 farmers markets in 2011.

Short video about the MPU

Click on this link and scroll down to the second clip.

Additional Mobile Slaughter Unit Information

This resource discusses problems encountered by meat processors such as food safety, environmental issues, lack of USDA-inspected facilities, consumer-driven demands, and the role of Mobile Slaughter Units in meat processing. A general process of slaughtering and meat processing using an MSU is outlined. Also, this resource explains some of the costs involved in Mobile Slaughter Units. Recommendations from MSU operators provide background information on problematic areas. Although the document was written according to regulations in Wyoming, the content is applicable nationwide as long as the particular state's regulations are followed.
Mobile Slaughter Unit for Wyoming: Assessment of Needs and Values

구글번역 :

2013년 9월 업데이트

In the last few years, there has been a huge increase in demand for rabbit processing services. 지난 몇 년 동안, 토끼 처리 서비스에 대한 수요에 큰 증가가 발생했습니다. This MPU is currently processing around 80 rabbits a week, about every other week. 이 MPU는 현재 약 80 토끼 주, 다른 모든 주를 처리하고 있습니다. Producers are selling the rabbit meat at farmer's markets, restaurants and retailers- one producer commented that he "can't grow them fast enough." 생산자는 농부의 시장, 레스토랑에서 토끼 고기를 판매 및 소매 - 한 생산자는 자신이 논평 "그들을 충분히 빨리 성장하지 않을 수 있습니다." However many rabbits he can produce, there's a market for all of them. 그러나 그는 생산할 수 많은 토끼, 모두를위한 시장이있다. Previously, rabbit processing was done "under the table" as there was no legal option for rabbit producers in Kentucky. 켄터키에있는 토끼 생산자에 대한 법적 옵션이 없기로 이전, 토끼 처리는 "테이블에서"이루어졌다. Now, with a state-approved MPU, producers can legally process and sell rabbit meat within the state. 이제, 국가의 승인을 MPU로, 생산자는 법적으로 처리 할 수와 국가에서 토끼 고기를 판매하고 있습니다.

This small mobile poultry processing unit was built in Kentucky in 2001 by Heifer International with Kentucky State University (KSU), Partners for Family Farms (PFF), and the National Center for Appropriate Technology (NCAT). 이 작은 모바일 가금류 처리 장치는 암소 켄터키 주립 대학 (KSU)와 국제, 가족 농장에 대한 파트너 (PFF)과 적정 기술에 대한 국립 센터 (NCAT)에 의해 2001 년에 켄터키에 지어졌다. State-approved but uninspected, the MPU is owned and maintained by KSU. 주 승인하지만 uninspected, MPU는 KSU에 의해 소유되고 유지된다. Farmers use it on a rental basis to process poultry and aquaculture. 농부는 가금류 및 양식을 처리하기 위해 임대 기준으로 사용합니다.

The training and use manual for this unit, complete with HACCP plan and detailed operating procedures, is available for a small fee. HACCP 계획 및 세부 운영 절차를 갖춘이 장치에 대한 교육과 사용 설명서, 작은 비용으로 사용할 수 있습니다. For this and other information about the unit, contact: 이과 단위, 연락처에 대한 기타 자세한 내용은

Steve Skelton 스티브 스켈 톤
(502) 597-7501 (502) 597-7501
steven.skelton@kysu.edu steven.skelton @ kysu.edu
NOTE: Call first, as email is not always accessible. 참고 : 전자 메일은 항상 액세스 할 수 없습니다로 먼저 호출합니다.

Basic information 기본 정보

Capacity per day: It depends on who is staffing the unit, but 200-250 is probably the limit. 하루 용량 :이 장치를 인력 누가에 따라 다르지만 200 ~ 250 아마 한계입니다.
Hours/day of operation: 7.5 maximum (over that, user pays overtime) 영업 시간 / 일 : 7.5 최대 (그 이상, 사용자가 초과 근무 수당을 지급)
Weeks/year: It is busy almost year-round: aquaculture from January – March; poultry starts in April; in November, KSU uses it for campus farm turkeys. 주 / 년 : 거의 일년 내내 바쁜 : 2009 년 1 월부터 양식은 - 월, 가금류 4 월에 시작, 11 월에, KSU 캠퍼스 농장의 칠면조를 위해 그것을 사용합니다. Some months it's used Mon-Thurs every week. 몇 달 그것은 매주 월 - 목을 사용됩니다.
Species: poultry (eg chickens, turkeys, pheasants, quail), aquaculture (eg caviar, paddle fish, prawns), and rabbits 종 (种) : 가금류 (예 : 닭, 칠면조, 꿩, 메추라기), 양식 (예를 들어, 캐비어, 패들 생선, 새우), 토끼
Services: rented to farmers to slaughter and process these species 서비스 :이 종을 학살하고 처리하는 농부들에게 임대
Square feet: The trailer is 160 sf. 평방 피트 : 트레일러 (160) SF입니다. The docking station is 960 sf. 도킹 스테이션은 960 SF입니다.
#/type of employees: one part-time: the MPU coordinator, an employee of Kentucky State University 직원 중 / 입력 한 파트 타임 : MPU 코디네이터, 켄터키 주립 대학의 직원
Annual sales revenues: they don't know exactly, but it breaks even: rental and training fees cover all operating costs except the coordinator, who is paid by KSU. 연간 매출액 : 그들은 정확히 모르겠지만, 그것도 나누기 : 임대 및 교육 비용은 KSU에 의해 지불되는 코디네이터를 제외한 모든 운영 비용을 커버.
Price of Services: $75 for first 50 chickens, $0.75 each additional; $75 for first 15 turkeys, $3.50 each additional; $50 for the first 50 rabbits, $0.50 for each additional (cost includes gas, water, electricity, aprons, booties, cleaning). 서비스의 가격 : 처음 50 닭 75 달러, 추가 $ 825 각, 처음 15 칠면조 75 달러, 추가 $ 3.50 각, 제 50 토끼 50 달러, 0.50 달러 각각의 추가 비용 (가스, 물, 전기, 앞치마, 옷, 청소를 포함한다) . The unit how has a vacuum packaging machine- bags are $0.22 each. 이 제품은 어떻게 진공 포장 기계 가방 $ 0.22 각각있다. $75 for for the first 2 years of training, $50 after that (every user, every two years). 훈련의 처음 2 년 동안 75 달러, 그 (모든 사용자, 매 2 년) 후 50달러. There is a flat $75 fee to rent the unit for aquaculture processing. 양식 처리를위한 장치를 임대 평면 75달러 수수료가 있습니다.
Operational costs: Hard to know, because the MPU uses KSU farm infrastructure (eg water). 운영 비용 : 알 하드, MPU는 KSU 농장 인프라 (예 : 물)를 사용하기 때문이다.
Retail on-site: no 현장에서 소매 : 없음
Wholesale: no 도매 : 없음
Inspection: neither; state-approved & operating under exemption 검사 :도, 국가 승인 및 면제에 따라 운영
Certified organic: no 유기농 : 없음
Certification agency: n/a 인증 기관 : N / A
Custom work: all custom 사용자 정의 작업 : 모든 사용자 지정
Source verification on label: n/a 라벨에 자료 검증 : N / A

Market opportunity/processing problem 시장 기회 / 처리 문제

Small, specialty poultry producers can raise free-range or organic poultry to boost income on limited-resource farms and feed the market for niche poultry (eg local, cage-free, and pasture-raised). 소형, 특수 가금류 생산자는 제한된 자원의 농장에서 소득을 높이고 틈새 가금류 (예를 들어, 지역, 케이지 무료 및 목장 제기) 시장을 공급하기 위해 토종 유기 가금류를 발생시킬 수 있습니다. Many would like to expand their operations but may lack access to processing, because very few small poultry processing plants that are government licensed or inspected are open to independent producers. 많은 사람들이 자신의 사업을 확장하고 싶지만 정부가 허가 또는 검사하는 매우 몇 가지 작은 가금류 가공 공장이 독립적 인 생산자에게 개방되어 있기 때문에, 처리에 대한 액세스를 부족있다. Some states allow some number (from less than 1000 to 20,000, depending on the state) of birds to be processed on-farm without government inspection. 일부 국가에서는 조류 (상태에 따라 1000 이하에서 20,000) 몇 개의 정부 검사없이 농장 현장 처리 할 수 있습니다.

Kentucky, however, allows no such exemption. 켄터키는, 그러나, 그러한 면제를 허용하지 않습니다. At the time the MPU was built, Kentucky farmers who wanted to raise specialty poultry for market had nowhere to process their birds. MPU가 내장 된 시점에, 시장 기타 가금류를 마련하고 싶었 켄터키의 농부는 자신의 새를 처리하는데도 없었다. Since the MPU began operating, one independent poultry processing plant has opened. MPU가 작동하기 시작하기 때문에, 하나의 독립적 인 가금류 가공 공장을 열었습니다. SS Enterprises, which is just outside of Bowling Green, is Kentucky's first USDA inspected independent poultry processing plant. 다만 볼링 그린의 외부 SS 기업, 켄터키 최초의 USDA 독립 가금류 가공 공장을 검사합니다.

Original MPU design with awning 천막 기존 MPU 디자인

Organizations involved 참여 단체

The MPU was one element of a multi-year pastured poultry project, a collaboration led by Heifer, including Kentucky State University and Partners for Family Farms (PFF; another nonprofit). MPU는 다년간의 목장으로 가금류 프로젝트, 가족 농장에 대한 켄터키 주립대 학교 및 파트너를 포함하여 암소에 의해 주도 협력의 한 요소였다 (PFF, 다른 비영리 단체). Two Kentucky state agencies, the Department of Agriculture and the Cabinet of Health, were also involved extensively. 두 켄터키 주 정부 기관은 농업과 건강의 내각의 부서가 광범위하게 참여했다. Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE, within USDA) provided the seed money. 지속 가능한 농업 연구 및 교육 (USDA 내 SARE는) 씨의 돈을 제공했다. University of Kentucky (Lexington) also provided guidance and support. 켄터키 대학 (렉싱턴)도지도와 지원을 제공했다. The National Center for Appropriate Technology (USDA) developed materials to help farmers start and maintain pastured poultry businesses (see below). 적정 기술에 대한 국립 센터 (USDA)는 (아래 참조) 농부가 시작하는 데 도움이 및 목장으로 가금류 사업을 유지하는 물질을 개발했다.

Basic history/development 기본 역사 / 개발

In the mid 1990s, Heifer and partners began working with limited resource farmers in several southern states, including Kentucky, to explore the pastured poultry model. 1990 년대 중반, 암소 및 파트너는 목장으로 가금류 모델을 탐색하기 위해, 켄터키 등 여러 남부 주, 제한된 자원 농민 작업을 시작했다. Farmers liked the idea but had limited access to legal processing facilities. 농부는 아이디어를 좋아하지만 법적 처리 시설에 대한 액세스를 제한했다. Farmers also wanted information about feed, labor, appropriate bird types, and business planning and development. 농부는 사료, 노동, 적절한 조류 유형, 사업 계획 및 개발에 대한 정보를 원했다.

In 1997, Heifer and the above-listed partners, working with the farmers, decided to build a mobile processing unit for use in Kentucky. 1997 년에, 암소와의 위 열거 된 파트너는 농민과 협력, 켄터키에 사용하기 위해 이동 처리 장치를 구축하기로 결정했습니다. (Similar teams were assembled in Alabama and Mississippi to plan MPUs for their states, but their regulatory agencies were not as cooperative, and they had to find alternatives.) (비슷한 팀은 자신의 상태에 대한 MPU를 계획하기 위해 앨라배마와 미시시피에서 조립, 그러나 그들의 규제 기관은 협력하지 않았다, 그들은 대안을 찾아야 만했다.)

With a $15,000 SARE grant as seed money, the team consulted with state and federal agencies about health and safety requirements, then designed and built the MPU. 종자 돈으로 15,000 달러 SARE 보조금으로, 건강 및 안전 요구 사항에 대한 주 및 연방 기관과 상담 팀은 다음 설계 및 MPU를 내장. Poultry MPUs had already been built elsewhere around the country, but Heifer raised the bar, building “the Cadillac of poultry MPUs.” Partners for Family Farms, the KY Department of Agriculture, Kentucky State University, and others helped raise the $55,000 needed to do so. 가금류 MPU는 이미 전국의 다른 건설 되었으나, 암소을 수행하는 데 필요한 55,000 달러 키운 가족 농장에 대해 "가금류의 MPU의 캐딜락."파트너, 농업의 KY학과, 켄터키 주립대 학교 및 기타 건물 막대를 제기 그래서. The MPU was completed in 2001, and it began to travel from farm to farm. MPU는 2001 년에 완료하고, 농장에 농장에서 여행을 시작했다.

Soon, however, the MPU was immobilized: both the USDA and state agencies weren't happy with it and required changes (detailed below in regulations section) related to waste water and having an enclosed room for slaughter, separate from the processing area. 곧, 그러나, MPU는 고정화 : USDA 및 국가 기관 모두가 행복하지 있었다 (규정 섹션에서 아래에 설명) 필요한 변화는 물을 낭비하고 관련 및 처리 영역에서 별도의 학살에 대한 밀폐 공간을 갖는. In addition, under Heifer ownership, the cost of liability insurance was prohibitively expensive. 또한, 암소의 소유권 아래, 책임 보험의 비용은 터무니없이 비쌌다. Heifer sold the MPU to KSU in 2005 for $1; KSU hired Steve Skelton to get it up and running again. 암소는 1 달러 2005 년 KSU에 MPU를 판매, KSU는 그것을 얻기 위해 스티브 스켈 톤을 고용하고 다시 실행. A permanent, enclosed docking station was built at KSU that satisfied the regulators. 영구, 밀폐 된 도킹 스테이션은 규제를 만족하는 KSU에 지어졌다.

Today, the MPU is mobile again and very busy. 오늘, MPU는 다시 매우 바쁜 이동합니다. As MPU Coordinator, Skelton is regularly on the road, taking it between the three docking stations. MPU의 코디네이터로, 스켈 톤은 세 도킹 스테이션 사이에 복용, 도로에 정기적으로있다. The docking stations are at KSU, in Frankfort; at Morehead State University, in Morehead; and in Jackson County. 모어 헤드 모어 헤드 주립 대학에서, 그리고 잭슨 군에 도킹 스테이션 프랭크 퍼트, KSU에 있습니다. He also takes it to aquaculture ponds. 그는 또한 양식의 연못에 걸립니다. While all poultry must be processed at a docking station, aquaculture can be processed pond-side, without a docking station. 모든 가금류 도킹 스테이션에서 처리되어야하지만, 양식은 도킹 스테이션없이 연못 측을 처리 할 수있다.

The MPU now has ten regular users. MPU는 이제 열 일반 사용자가 있습니다. It is considered a pioneer in mobile processing, and many producers and organizations from across the country have visited it or requested information. 그것은 이동 처리의 선구자로 간주하고, 전국의 많은 생산자와 조직 정보를 방문하거나 요청했습니다.

As part of the larger pastured poultry project, NCAT developed farmer-friendly materials on small-scale poultry processing, business development and entrepreneurship, nutrition, genetics, and other aspects of raising and selling poultry (available at NCAT/ATTRA and Sustainable Poultry ). 큰 목장으로 가금류 프로젝트의 일환으로, NCAT은 소규모 가금류 처리, 비즈니스 개발 및 기업가 정신, 영양, 유전, 및 양육 및 가금류 (에서 사용할 수 판매의 다른 측면에 농부 친화적 인 재료를 개발 NCAT / ATTRA 및 지속 가능한 가금류 ).

Inside the MPU MPU 내부

Funding sources 자금 조달

The MPU cost $70,000 to plan and build. MPU 계획하고 구축하기 위해 70,000 달러의 비용. SARE provided $15,000 in seed money, within a larger ($100K) grant for the larger pastured poultry project. SARE 더 큰 목장으로 가금류 프로젝트에 대한 큰 ($ 100,000) 부여에서, 종자 돈 15,000 달러를 제공했다. The other $55,000 was raised by Partners for Family Farms and others. 다른 5만5천달러는 가족 농장 및 다른 사람을위한 파트너에 의해 제기되었다. The MPU coordinator is an employee of Kentucky State University. MPU 코디네이터는 켄터키 주립 대학의 직원입니다. All other operating expenses are covered by user fees. 다른 모든 운영 비용은 사용자의 요금이 적용됩니다.

Business plan 사업 계획

No business plan was written beyond “build it and they will come.” Fortunately, that turned out to be true. 어떤 사업 계획이 넘어 서면되지 않았다 "을 구축하고 그들이 올 것이다."다행히, 그건 사실이 밝혀졌다.

Deciphering regulations and complying 규정을 해독 및 준수

At the beginning, the regulatory requirements were not at all clear, even to the agencies themselves. 처음에, 규제 요구 사항도 기관 자체에 전혀 명확하지 않았다. Heifer, with help from PFF, consulted with both federal and state agencies and then built the MPU. 다음 연방 정부와 주정부 모두 기관과 자문을 PFF의 도움을 가진 암소는 MPU를 내장. But once it was up & running, problems arose. 그것은 최대 및 실행했다 그러나 일단 문제가 발생했다.

USDA originally said it wouldn't inspect the MPU, so Heifer assumed it would operate under the federal exemption for plants processing fewer than 20,000 birds per year. USDA는 원래는 MPU를 검사하지 것이라고 말했다, 그래서 암소는 연간 2 만 명 미만 조류를 처리 식물에 대한 연방 정부의 면제에서 작동합니다 가정. But when the ribbon cutting ceremony for the MPU got USDA's attention, the agency said no, that exemption only applies to stationary plants, not to a facility used by multiple operators at multiple locations. MPU를위한 리본 커팅 행사가 USDA의 관심을 끌었 때, 기관은 아니, 그 면제뿐만 아니라 여러 지역에서 다수의 운영자가 사용하는 시설로, 고정 설비에 적용했다. Heifer then had to get what they called “an exemption from the exemption,” from USDA. 암소는 그들이 USDA에서 "면제 면제"라는 것을 얻을했다. This only happened after the Kentucky Department of Agriculture and the Cabinet of Health Services were satisfied with how the MPU operated, which required significant modifications to the original plan. 농업의 켄터키 부와 보건 서비스의 내각 MPU는 원래 계획에 상당한 수정을 요구하는, 운영 방법에 만족했다 후에 만 일어났다.

Health Services required the waste water to be treated and not spread on farm fields. 보건 서비스는 처리 할 폐수를 요구 및 팜 필드에 확산되지. They also required an enclosed kill area that was less flimsy than the original, moveable awning. 또한 원래 움직일 수있는 천막보다 얇은했다 밀폐 된 킬 (kill) 영역이 필요합니다. The solution that was finally approved was a docking station that met specific sanitation requirements (listed below). 마지막으로 승인 된이 솔루션은 아래 나열된 특정 위생 요구 사항을 충족 도킹 스테이션이었다. A farmer can use the MPU for on-farm processing if he builds an approved docking station, but it is much less expensive to travel to the existing ones. 그는 승인 된 도킹 스테이션을 구축하는 경우 농부는 농장 처리를 위해 MPU를 사용 할 수 있지만, 기존에 여행하는 것이 훨씬 저렴합니다.

Aquaculture processing can be done pond-side, without a docking station, as long as there is a level place to place the trailer, potable water, and electricity. 양식업 가공 한 트레일러, 음용수, 전기를 배치 레벨 곳이 있기 때문에, 도킹 스테이션없이 연못 쪽을 수행 할 수있다. Water used for processing can go back into the pond or a drainage ditch. 처리에 사용되는 물은 다시 연못이나 배수로에 갈 수 있습니다.

Today, Health Services must be informed every time the unit is used, and they are present at many processing sessions. 오늘, 건강 서비스는 장치를 사용하는 모든 시간을 통보해야합니다, 그들은 많은 처리 세션에 존재한다. USDA inspects the MPU once per year and reviews HACCP paperwork. USDA는 매년 한 번 MPU를 검사하고 HACCP 서류를 검토합니다. All MPU users must be trained every two years on how to use the MPU, including HACCP, SOPs, and SSOPs. 모든 MPU 사용자는 HACCP, 표준 운영 절차 및 SSOPs 등의 MPU를 사용하는 방법에 매 2 년 훈련을해야합니다. The first half is in the classroom, the second half is processing birds. 상반기는 교실에 있고, 하반기 조류를 처리하고 있습니다. They then take a test, and if they pass, they are given a facility manager number, which must go on all their product labels and is good for two years. 그들은 다음 시험을하고, 그들이 전달하는 경우, 그들은 모두 자신의 제품 라벨에 가서 2 년 동안 잘해야합니다 시설 관리자 번호를 부여됩니다. Without that number, they cannot process. 그 수없이, 그들은 처리 할 수 없습니다. The MPU coordinator makes sure HACCP is followed each time the unit is used. MPU 코디네이터는 반드시 HACCP이 장치가 사용될 때마다 다음에 있습니다.

The MPU operates under the following plans: MPU는 다음과 같은 계획에 따라 작동합니다 :

Standard Operating Procedures 표준 운영 절차
Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures 위생 표준 운영 절차
Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points 위해 분석 중점 관리
Good Manufacturing Practices 좋은 제조 관행
Recall Plan 리콜 계획

Today, the MPU's operating procedures are “one of the best examples of HACCP on a small scale,” says NCAT's Anne Fanatico. 오늘, MPU의 운영 절차는 "작은 규모의 HACCP의 최고의 사례 중 하나"NCAT의 앤 Fanatico는 말합니다. The MPU's smooth functioning is evidence that HACCP doesn't have to overwhelm a small processing operation. MPU의 원활한 작동은 HACCP 작은 처리 작업을 압도하지 않는 증거이다.

Plant design 플랜트 설계

The MPU was designed by Steve Muntz, of Heifer, who consulted many people along the way. MPU는 그 길을 따라 많은 사람들이 상담을 암소의 스티브 먼츠,,에 의해 설계되었습니다. The MPU itself is an enclosed, gooseneck cargo trailer, 20' x 8', with the processing equipment pulled into a building shell. MPU 자체가 건물의 껍질에 들어갔습니다 처리 장비와 함께 동봉 된, 구즈넥화물 트레일러, 'X 8'(20)이다. The trailer must be pulled by at least a ¾ ton pickup truck with a gooseneck ball and electrical connections for trailer and brake lights. 트레일러 거위 목처럼 생긴 공 및 트레일러 브레이크 조명에 대한 전기 연결이 적어도 ¾ 톤 픽업 트럭에 의해 끌려해야합니다.

The MPU must be used within a docking station that meets these requirements: MPU는 이러한 요구 사항을 충족하는 도킹 스테이션 내에서 사용되어야합니다 :

Level pad to park the unit; 장치를 주차 레벨 패드;
An additional concrete pad for the slaughter area, sloped to drain; 학살 지역에 대한 추가 콘크리트 패드, 배수 경사;
Electric: 200 amp service panel that is either waterproof/covered; 전기 : 방수 어느 지역 / 200 앰프 서비스 패널;
Water: from an approved municipal source or a tested well, with a flow rate of at least 10 gallons per minute; 물 : 승인시 소스 나에서 분당 적어도 10 갤런 유량, 잘 테스트;
Wastewater treatment: 750-gallon grease trap and a 1500-gallon septic tank that has a float sensor with an alarm or light as a fill indicator; water must be pumped out and hauled to an approved wastewater treatment plant; 폐수 처리 : 750 갤런 그리스 트랩 및 충전 표시 등 경보 또는 빛 플로트 센서가 1500 갤런 정화조, 물을 펌핑 및 승인을 폐수 처리 공장으로 운반해야;
MPU user must bring a 100-lb. MPU 사용자는 100 파운드를 가지고해야합니다. propane tank to provide heat for the scalder (propane tanks cannot travel with MPU due to risk); scalder (프로판 탱크 인해 위험에 MPU와 함께 여행 할 수)에 열을 공급하는 프로판 탱크;
Ability to maintain high level of sanitation and exclude insects/pests (at KSU, it is a pole barn). 위생의 높은 수준을 유지하고 곤충 / 해충을 제외하는 기능 (KSU에서, 그것은 극 헛간입니다.)

How it works: 그것이 작동하는 방법 :

Birds are slaughtered outside, passed through the window into the trailer to be eviscerated, cleaned, and chilled; 조류는 안구 내용 제거술을 시행 청소, 냉장되는 트레일러에 창문을 통해 전달, 외부 학살;
Sanitation procedures require users to wear boots, aprons, gloves, hair nets, and no jewelry; 위생 절차 부츠, 앞치마, 장갑, 헤어 네트, 알 수없는 보석을 착용하는 사용자가 필요합니다;
Bird health: only birds that originate from hatcheries approved by the National Poultry Improvement Plan (NPIP) can be processed, and the MPU coordinator is trained to condemn unhealthy live birds and identify internal signs of disease; 새 건강 : 만 승인 부화장에서 발생한 조류 국립 가금류 개선 계획 (NPIP)를 처리 할 수 있고, MPU 코디네이터가 건강에 해로운 살아있는 새를 비난하고 질병의 내부 징후를 식별하는 훈련;
Users clean up after each use: wash, rinse, sanitize; 사용자는 각각의 사용 후 청소 : 린스, 세척, 소독;
The MPU coordinator provides oversight and assistance if needed. 필요한 경우 MPU 코디네이터는 감독 및 지원을 제공합니다.

Big Glitches and how they were solved 큰 글리치와 어떻게는 해결되었다

As noted above, the MPU was originally meant to be used at many sites, both farms and fairgrounds. 전술 한 바와 같이, MPU는 원래 많은 사이트에 농장과 운동장을 모두 사용하는 것을 의미 하였다. But state agency site and docking station requirements prevented that. 그러나 국가 기관 사이트와 도킹 스테이션 요구는하지 못했습니다. The MPU cannot be hooked into a municipal waste water system. MPU는 도시 폐수 시스템에 매여 할 수 없습니다. Instead, it must have its own septic system, but few septic contractors are willing to come to pump out waste water. 대신, 자신의 정화조가 있어야하지만, 몇 가지 오수 업체는 폐기물의 물을 펌프에 와서 기꺼이한다. (KSU contracts with a septic company to pump it out occasionally.) (KSU는 때때로 그것을 펌프에 오수 회사와 계약.)

Also, Health Services insisted on an enclosed kill room, separate from the processing area. 또한, 건강 서비스는 처리 영역에서 분리, 밀폐 된 킬 룸 주장했다. The MPU originally created this with a side-opening awning to create a screened kill area. MPU는 원래 상영 킬 영역을 만들 수있는 사이드 오픈 천막이를 만들었습니다. However, the awning was hard to set up and take down, and the screen wasn't stable in wind, so insects could get in. The area under the awning was also quite small and difficult to work in. An enclosed building, as at the KSU docking station, provides more room and is better at keeping out insects and other pests. 그러나, 천막 설정하고 내려 어렵고, 곤충은 천막의 아래 영역 안으로 얻을 수 있도록 화면이, 바람에 안정하지 않았다, 또한 밀폐 된 건물 작업 할 아주 작은 어려웠다에서와 같은 KSU 도킹 스테이션, 더 많은 공간을 제공하고, 곤충 및 기타 해충을 지키는 것이 좋습니다.

Insurance was also a big problem at first. 보험은 처음에는 또한 큰 문제였다. Because Heifer is a nonprofit organization, it had to require all users of the MPU to have $1 million in liability insurance. 암소는 비영리 단체이기 때문에, 책임 보험 1 백만 달러를 가지고 MPU의 모든 사용자가 필요했다. This was prohibitively expensive for many farmers. 이것은 많은 농민 엄청나게 비쌌다. Under KSU ownership, users need only sign a waiver of liability each time they process, though they are advised to carry a product liability rider on their farm policy. 그들은 자신의 농장 정책에 대한 제품 책임 라이더를 수행하는 것이 좋습니다하지만 KSU 소유권에서, 사용자는 단지 책임의 포기 그들이 처리 할 때마다 서명이 필요합니다.

For full traceability, each product label has the user name, address, telephone, and the user's facility manager number, which the user is given after passing the biannual training course. 전체 추적의 경우, 각 제품 라벨은 사용자 이름, 주소, 전화 번호, 그리고 사용자가 일년에 두 번의 훈련 과정을 통과 한 후 주어진 사용자 시설 관리자의 수를 가지고 있습니다. All labels are also marked “Exempt Poultry PL 90-492.” 모든 상표는 "면제 가금류 PL 90-492."으로 표시됩니다

Required equipment 필수 장비

Outside the trailer: stun knife, cones, scalder, picker; Inside the trailer: overhead shackles to convey birds during evisceration and cleaning, stainless steel tables, buckets for offal, water hoses and spray nozzles, chill tank, ice maker (not portable), knives, scale with label printer, vacuum packer, bags, thermometers, and other supplies. 트레일러 외부 : 칼 스턴, 콘, scalder, 피커, 내부 트레일러 : 제거술 및 청소, 스테인레스 스틸 테이블, 가금류에 대한 버킷, 물 호스 및 스프레이 노즐, 냉각 탱크, 아이스 메이커 (휴대용되지 않음) 동안 새를 전달하는 오버 헤드 족쇄 , 칼, 라벨 프린터, 진공 포장업자, 가방, 온도계, 및 기타 소모품과 규모.

Staff needed and how they were found/trained, what they cost 직원이 필요하고 그들이 교육 / 발견 된 방법, 그들이 비용

The MPU is used by the farmers themselves. MPU는 농민 스스로 사용됩니다. However, because the MPU requires a high level of knowledge to use, a KSU employee serves as coordinator. MPU를 사용하는 기술의 높은 수준을 요구하기 때문에, KSU 직원은 조정자로서 기능한다.

All users must take a one-day Facility Manager training once every two years, which covers HACCP, pathogen reduction, sanitation, and standard operating procedures. 모든 사용자는 HACCP를 포함 격년 하루 시설 관리자 교육, 병원체 감소, 위생, 및 표준 운영 절차를 취해야합니다. KSU provides the training, which costs $50 per user. KSU는 사용자 당 50 달러의 요금으로 교육을 제공합니다.

Financial sustainability plan 재정의 지속 가능성 계획

Fees for service cover the operating costs except for the coordinator. 서비스에 대한 수수료는 코디네이터를 제외하고 운영 비용을 포함한다.

Markets accessed 시장 접근

Marketing is done by individual producers, who report that they consistently sell everything they can process. 마케팅은 일관되게 그들이 처리 할 수있는 모든 것을 판매하는 것을보고 개별 생산자에 의해 이루어집니다. They sell to farmers markets, restaurants, and some even to grocery stores. 그들은 심지어 식료품 점에 농민 시장, 레스토랑, 일부에 판매하고 있습니다. One couple simply put an ad in their local paper and can barely keep up with demand; one of their customers regularly drives 72 miles to buy a dozen at a time. 한 부부는 단순히 자신의 지역 신문에 광고를 넣어 거의 수요를 유지할 수 있으며, 자신의 고객 중 하나는 정기적으로 한 번에 한 다스를 구입 72마일를 구동한다.

Growth to date 지금까지 성장

The MPU has been running smoothly since 2005. MPU는 2005 년부터 원활하게 실행하고있다. By providing access to processing, it has allowed small, specialty poultry and aquaculture businesses in KY to expand their operations and improve their profitability. 처리에 대한 액세스를 제공함으로써, 자신의 작업을 확대하고 수익성을 개선하기 위해 켄터키에있는 작은, 기타 가금류 및 양식 사업을 허용했다.

In 2007, users processed ~4000 birds, and coordinator Skelton expected business nearly to nearly double in the coming year, with the Morehead docking station up and running and a third planned for Jackson County. 2007 년에, 사용자는 ~ 4000 조류를 처리하고, 코디네이터 스켈 톤 모어 헤드 도킹 스테이션 및 실행과 잭슨 카운티 계획 세 번째로, 내년에 거의 거의 두 배에 사업을 기대했다. As of 2011, the unit has ten regular users and thirty producers are certified to use it. 2011 년으로, 단위는 10 일반 사용자가 삼십 생산자가 사용하는 인증.

As a pioneer in small-scale and mobile poultry processing, the MPU has been a model for similar efforts around the country. 작은 규모의 모바일 가금류 처리의 선구자로, MPU는 전국의 유사한 노력을위한 모델이다. No one has replicated it exactly (it was expensive and can't be used for on-farm poultry processing), but people and organizations continue to be interested in all aspects of it, to help them design their own processing solutions and to navigate the regulations. 아무도 (고가이고 농장 가금류 가공에 사용할 수 없습니다) 정확히 복제하지 않았다, 그러나 사람과 조직은 그들의 자신의 프로세싱 솔루션을 설계하는 데 도움이하고 탐색하는, 그것의 모든 측면에 관심을 계속 규정. For example, someone who went through the MPU training decided he could operate his own plant and built his own small, stationary, USDA-inspected poultry processing plant in Bowling Green, KY ( SS Enterprises ). 예를 들어, MPU의 훈련을 통해 간 사람은 그가 자신의 공장을 운영 할 수 결정 볼링 그린, 켄터키 (그 자신의 작은, 정지, USDA-검사 가금류 가공 공장을 건설 SS 기업 ).

Greatest Challenges 가장 큰 도전

In the beginning, the greatest challenge was developing a deeper level of trust and understanding between producers and state agencies. 처음에, 가장 큰 문제는 생산자와 국가 기관 사이의 신뢰와 이해의 깊은 수준을 개발했다. The project development team had to help the Kentucky Department of Health realize that farmers are not out to break any laws. 프로젝트 개발 팀은 건강의 켄터키 부서 농부가 어떤 법률을 깨고 나와 있지 않은 것을 실현할 수 있도록했다. They also taught producers how to document their work and helped them understand the reasoning behind certain food safety practices. 그들은 또한 어떻게 자신의 작품을 문서에 생산을 가르쳐하고 특정 식품 안전 사례 뒤에 추론을 이해할 수있었습니다. Looking ahead, the biggest challenge appears to be having enough units to meet demand. 앞서 찾고, 가장 큰 문제는 수요를 충족하기에 충분한 단위를 갖는 것으로 보인다. The number of small growers in the state has increased and Kentucky's buy local movement is going strong. 상태에있는 작은 생산자의 수는 증가하고 켄터키의 구매 지역 운동은 강한 것입니다. The state went from about 50-60 farmers markets in 2005 to over 140 farmers markets in 2011. 국가는 2011 년에 140여 농민 시장에 2005 년에 약 50 ~ 60 농민 시장에서 갔다.

Short video about the MPU MPU에 대한 짧은 비디오

Click on this link and scroll down to the second clip. 를 클릭 이 링크 와 두 번째 클립을 아래로 스크롤합니다.

Additional Mobile Slaughter Unit Information 추가 모바일 도축 단위 정보

This resource discusses problems encountered by meat processors such as food safety, environmental issues, lack of USDA-inspected facilities, consumer-driven demands, and the role of Mobile Slaughter Units in meat processing. 이 자료는 식품 안전, 환경 문제, USDA-검사 시설의 부족, 소비자 중심의 요구 및 육류 가공에있는 이동할 수있는 도축 단위의 역할과 고기 프로세서에 의해 발생하는 문제에 대해 설명합니다. A general process of slaughtering and meat processing using an MSU is outlined. 도살 및 MSU를 사용 육류 가공의 일반적인 과정을 설명한다. Also, this resource explains some of the costs involved in Mobile Slaughter Units. 또한,이 자료는 모바일 도축 단위에 관련된 비용의 일부를 설명합니다. Recommendations from MSU operators provide background information on problematic areas. MSU 사업자의 권고는 문제 영역에 대한 배경 정보를 제공합니다. Although the document was written according to regulations in Wyoming, the content is applicable nationwide as long as the particular state's regulations are followed. 문서가 와이오밍에있는 규정에 따라 작성되었습니다 만, 내용은 전국적으로 한 특정 국가의 규정을 따르는으로 적용 할 수있다.
Mobile Slaughter Unit for Wyoming: Assessment of Needs and Values 와이오밍 모바일 학살 단위 : 필요와 가치의 평가

1-4. Mobile Poultry Processing Plant

Technical Data
	Dimensions	12m x 2.2m x 2.32m
	Weight(uncrated)	5500 kg
	Electricity	220/380V, three phase, 50 Hz
	Power Consumption	18 KW
	Water Consumption	300 Liters/Hour

기술 데이터
	치수	12 m x 2.2 m x 2.32 m
	Weight(uncrated)	5500 kg
	전기	220/380V, 3 상, 50 Hz
	전력 소비	18 KW
	물 소비	300 리터/시간

Mobile Poultry Processing Plant

Overhead Conveyor

Length of 31.5 meters

Tensioning system with a 180 bend

207 polyamide conveyor trolley sets and PVC bearings

207 stainless steel shackles

1 automatic steel box motor (speed adjustable)

Automatic Stunner

Warm galvanized steel frame

Fiberglass insulated water bath cabinet (height adjustable)

Stainless steel guide bars

Adjustable voltage meter

Scalder

Stainless steel construction

Digital temperature control

1 electric motor

Heated by fuel burners

Plucker

Warm galvanized steel frame and adjustable legs

Stainless steel adjustable cabinets

Aluminum plucking discs

32 plucking discs/plucker

10 plucking fingers/plucking disc

4 electrical motor

Hock Cutter

Warm galvanized steel frame
Stainless steel guides
Aluminum catch disc
Adjustable cutting blades
1 electrical motor

Hock Un-loader

Warm galvanized steel frame
Stainless steel and PVC guides
Height adjustable

Bleeding through

Warm galvanized steel frame
Stainless steel through
Nylon splash guards

Head Pullerr

Warm galvanized steel frame
Stainless steel adjustable guides

구글번역 :

모바일 가금류 가공 공장

오버 헤드 컨베이어

31.5 미터의 길이

180 벤드 tensioning 시스템

207 폴 리아 미드 컨베이어 트롤리 세트와 PVC 베어링

207 스테인리스 강철 족 쇄

1 자동 강철 상자 모터 (속도 조절)

자동 마비

따뜻한 직류 전기를 통한 강철 프레임

유리 섬유 절연된 물 목욕 장 (높이 조절)

스테인레스 스틸 가이드 바

가변 전압 측정기

Scalder

스테인리스 건축

디지털 온도 제어

1 전기 모터

연료 버너에 의해가 열

Plucker

직류 전기를 통한 강철 프레임, 조절 다리를 따뜻하게

스테인레스 스틸 조절 장

알루미늄 디스크를 따 버릴

32 디스크/plucker 따 버릴

10 손가락/따 버릴 따 버릴 디스크

4 전기 모터

호크 커터

따뜻한 직류 전기를 통한 강철 프레임
스테인레스 스틸 가이드
알루미늄 캐치 디스크
조정 가능한 절단 블레이드
1 전기 모터

호크 유엔-로더

따뜻한 직류 전기를 통한 강철 프레임
스테인리스 및 PVC 가이드
높이 조정 가능

통해 출혈

따뜻한 직류 전기를 통한 강철 프레임
통해 스테인레스 스틸
나일론 스플래시 가드

머리 Pullerr

따뜻한 직류 전기를 통한 강철 프레임
스테인레스 스틸 조절 가이드

2. 뼛가루 만 남기고 모조리 태워버리는 방법 - 이동식 소각차량

관련글 : 가축사체 현장 소각처리 방안

[출처] [긴급진단] Ⅲ. 가축사체 현장 소각처리 방안|작성자 waterjournal

살처분 가축 소각 전처리 시스템 개발
매몰보다 소각처리가 친환경적…이동식 소각로 차량 개발 추진
전처리 과정 도입·모듈화로 현장 적용성 높여…환경오염 최소화


▲ 김 진 만 교수 건국대학교 축산식품생물공학과

지난 2월15일 기준 구제역으로 인해 340만 마리의 소와 돼지, AI(고병원성 조류인플루엔자)로 인해 닭과 오리 550만 마리가 살처분됐다. 이에 따라 4천400여 곳의 구제역 매몰지와 200여 곳 이상의 조류인플루엔자 매몰지가 생겼다.

최근의 언론 보도에 따르면 정부는 △경사로나 하천주변 매몰지 등 위치선정 △생매장에 따른 비닐 훼손 △침출수·가스 배출관 미설치 △주변 배수로·집수조 등 미설치에 따라 2차 환경오염 가능성을 우려하고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

이 외에도 최근에는 매몰지에서 사체가 융기되는 현상도 문제로 대두되고 있다. 소는 살처분 할 때 내장을 적출하기 때문에 이런 현상이 적은 편이나 돼지 같은 경우에는 생매장을 하다보니 사체가 매몰지 상층의 흙을 뚫고 밖으로 돌출 되는 등의 현상이 발생한다.

소각·매몰기준 개정·수정돼야

「가축전염병예방법 시행규칙」에 매몰기준이 법령상으로 존재하며 이에 따른 매몰지는 수원지·하천·도로 및 주민이 집단적으로 거주하는 지역에 인접하지 않고 사람이나 가축의 접근을 제한할 수 있는 곳이어야 한다.

사체 매몰시 매몰 구덩이는 사체를 넣은 후 사체의 상부부터 지표까지 간격이 2m 이상 되도록 파야하며 구덩이의 바닥과 벽면은 비닐로 덮는다. 비닐 위에 흙과 생석회를 뿌린 후 사체를 넣고 다시 생성회를 뿌려 복토한다.

복토 후 지표면에서 1.5m 높이까지 다시 흙을 쌓아 덮어야 하며, 매몰지 주변에는 배수로 및 저류조를 설치하고 우천시 빗물이 배수로에 유입되지 않도록 둔덕을 쌓아야 한다. 그러나 현행 매몰기준에는 비닐의 종류, 두께, 재질 등은 정해져 있지 않아 문제가 된다.

또, 「가축전염병예방법 시행규칙」에는 소각기준도 제시돼 있다. 이에 따르면 소각실시 장소는 가축의 사체를 태울 수 있는 시설이 있는 장소여야하며 수원지·하천·도로 및 주민이 집단적으로 거주하는 지역에 인접하지 않은 곳이 적합하다.

소각방법은 소각로를 사용할 경우 그 장치의 사용법에 따르고 땔나무나 연료를 이용할 경우에는 사체를 넣을 수 있을 정도의 구덩이를 파고 그 밑에 작은 구덩이를 판다. 작은 구덩이 바닥에 땔나무와 연료를 넣고 불을 붙여 완전히 태운다.

태운 후 남은 뼈와 재는 그 장소에서 매몰하며 구덩이가 있는 지형을 이용하는 경우에는 이 방법에 준하여 처리하면 된다. 그러나 시행규칙에서 제시하고 있는 기준은 전근대적인 방법으로 이제는 개정·수정이 필요한 시기가 됐다.

미국·대만 환경오염 대비 소각처리

외국의 살처분 가축 처리방법을 살펴보면, 영국은 대형 매립지를 조성해 이를 활용하고 있다. 지난 2001년 구제역이 대량 발생함에 따라 700만 마리 이상을 살처분하게 된 영국은 초기에 노천 소각방식을 적용했다. 그러나 노천 소각으로 검은 연기 및 다이옥신 등의 대기오염 물질이 대량 발생함에 따라 대형 매립시설을 조성해 활용하는 것으로 바뀌었다.

또, 유럽에서는 장기적인 방안으로 살처분 가축을 소각·매몰방식으로 병행 처리하고 있다. 불가리아는 가축 사체를 매립할 때, 음용수 및 우물 등과의 거리, 지하수면의 높이, 인근 주택 및 도로와의 거리, 매립지의 경사면, 풍향 등의 환경적 요소를 고려, 처리하도록 지침이 마련돼 있다.

미국 캘리포니아주와 네덜란드 등은 환경보호와 공중보건을 위해 매몰방식 대신 소각방식을 선호하고 있으며 이는 침출수 유출 및 지하수 오염, 2차 감염 등 환경오염에 관한 문제를 해결할 수 있는 친환경적인 처리방안으로 대두되고 있다.

미국과 일본의 경우 소각 후 살처분 가축에 대한 퇴비화를 통해 섭씨 65도 이상에서 30분 이상 유지, 고병원성 조류인플루엔자 병원균을 사멸시키는 방안으로 처리하고 있으며, 대만은 1997년 구제역 발생으로 300만 마리 이상의 돼지를 처리하고 그 이후 매몰보다는 소각 위주의 사체처리 방향으로 전환했다.

특히, 동물 전염병 방지조례 시행세칙을 규정해 매몰 때에도 수원, 주택가와 떨어진 곳에 매몰지를 선정, 침출수의 피해를 근원적으로 차단했다. 이는 소각방식을 선호하지만, 매몰에 관한 지침도 정리돼 있음을 보여주는 것이다.

중남미 브라질의 경우 홍수나 자연재난 피해가 빈번하기 때문에 2차 환경오염이 발생하지 않도록 지대가 높은 곳에 매몰지를 선정하도록 규정돼 있다. 콜롬비아는 환경오염 피해를 줄이기 위해 매몰보다는 소각방식을 최우선 방법으로 채택하고 있다.


▲ 부실한 매몰로 인해 침출수가 유출된 장면.

신개념 소각시스템 개발 노력

소각방식을 보면, 크게 고정식 소각과 이동식 소각방식이 있다. 이동식 소각방식을 최초로 개발한 것은 영국이다. 영국의 소각방식은 전처리 과정을 거치지 않은 사체를 투입함에 따라 사체에 수분함량이 많아 연소효율이 떨어지는 단점이 있다. 또, 수입 이동식 소각로 차량은 1톤형이라고 하지만 실제로는 200㎏ 정도만 처리가 가능한 것으로 예측돼, 돼지나 소의 소각에는 적합하지 않은 것으로 보인다.

고정식 소각장치는 소 한 마리를 파쇄·분쇄하는 전처리 단계를 거친 후 소각하는 연속식 방식으로 연소효율이나 처리용량이 확보될 것이라고 생각한다. 다이옥신 등의 환경오염물질은 소각시 사체만 소각하는 것이 아니라 살처분 시 사용했던 비닐, 장갑 등도 함께 소각하기 때문에 발생하는 것이기 때문에 이러한 환경오염물질을 제거하는 시스템도 개발해야한다.

이를 토대로 우리 연구팀이 개발 중인 신개념 소각시스템은 이동식 차량 탑재용 파쇄기 및 소각로를 이용, 살처분 가축을 친환경적으로 처리함에 따라 환경오염을 방지할 수 있다. 향후 이런 개발을 통해 살처분 가축의 전처리 시스템 개발 및 신속하고 효율적인 대응을 위한 안전 방역시스템을 구축하고자 한다.

이러한 목표를 달성하기 위해 우선 전처리 과정이 필수적이다. 전처리 과정 없이 소각할 경우, 생체 내 수분함량에 의해 연소효율이 떨어지고, 연소 과정에서 공해물질이 많이 발생 할 수 있기 때문이다.

효율적인 이동식 소각 시스템 개발

또, 이동식 소각로도 필요하다. 지금 현재 방역지침을 보면 질병발생 시 최초의 발생지점에서 일정거리 이상은 사체의 이동이 불가하다. 이런 경우, 고정식 시스템은 무용지물일 수 있다. 또한, 화제 발생시 여러 지역의 소방차가 모두 출동해 화제를 진압하는 것처럼, 여러 시·군·구 등에 이동식 소각시스템이 갖춰져 있으면 질병이 발생해 소각이나 방역이 필요한 곳에 모일 수 있어 더 효율적이다.

따라서 신개념 소각 시스템은 배기가스나 악취제거는 물론이고, 환경오염 방지를 위한 전처리와 이동식 소각장치, 소각재 처리까지 모든 사항을 포함한 방향으로 구성했다. 이에 따라 신개념 소각시스템을 통해 친환경적 방법을 채택하고 상업화를 추진해 신속 효율적 대응을 통한 안전 방역시스템 확립과 살처분 가축을 친환경적으로 처리해 환경오염방지 및 대국민 신뢰를 높일 계획이다.

추진 전략을 보면, 살균건조기술을 통한 전처리와 이동식 소각로 개발, 제품 수명 관리 시스템(PLM, Product Lifecycle Management)을 도입해 지속적인 관리가 가능하도록 하고, 배기가스 및 악취제거와 소각재처리 및 농업환경 복구를 통해 사체를 친환경적으로 처리할 방침이다.

이 외에도 이런 모든 과정을 수행하는 데 있어 국민의 동물 복지 및 윤리에 입각한 인지 향상을 위해 커뮤니케이션이 필요하다고 생각하고 시민단체와 환경단체 등과 함께 대화를 통해 정보를 공유할 예정이다.


▲ [그림 1] 신개념 소각 시스템 추진 전략


▲ [그림 2] 이동식 소각로 차량개발

전처리 과정·연소기술 등 연구 진행
현재 진행하는 연구로는 우선 가축을 살처분하는 과정 중에 투입되는 인력, 공기전파 등을 통해 오염이 이뤄질 수 있기 때문에 전처리 방식을 통해 살처분 가축의 살균 및 건조기술을 개발중 이다.

전처리 과정에서 극초단파 방식을 이용하면 지금 사용하고 있는 열풍 가열 방식보다 신속하게 수분이 이동해 살균·멸균이 가능하다는 장점을 가지고 있다. 또, 다공성 원리를 이용해 살처분 가축의 함수율을 저감시켜 연소효율을 높이고 연료 소모량을 낮추는 것이 가능할 뿐만 아니라 배치식이 아닌 연속식 처리가 가능해짐에 따라 처리용량이 증대될 수 있다.

두 번째로는 소각용 연소기술 개발이다. 현재로도 전처리 과정을 거쳐 소각하면 충분히 소각이 가능하지만, 성능을 높이기 위해 생각한 것이 로켓연소 또는 가스터빈 방식이다. 로켓엔진은 비행기, 전투기 엔진 등에 추진력을 얻기 위해 사용하는 것이지만 소각처리에 사용할 경우 이론적으로는 로켓엔진의 몇% 정도의 성능만 발휘해도 연소가 가능하다.

연소 온도도 섭씨 800도에서 섭씨 1천 도 정도로 올릴 수 있고 처리 용량도 키울 수 있어 신개념·고성능의 시스템을 개발할 수 있을 것으로 전망된다.


▲ 국외에서 수입한 이동형 가축사체소각기 후리칸(HURIKAN, 왼쪽)과 가축사체를 넣는 모습.

전·후처리 모듈 현장서 조립·운영

세 번째로 차량을 소각로로 이용하기 위해서는 고온환경에서의 차량 방열 설계 기준이 꼭 필요할 뿐만 아니라 그에 따라 차체 설계 및 개조 기술과 차량 제작과 운용 및 유지·보수도 필요하다. 이런 이동식 차량은 특정 차량의 모듈화를 통해 공간을 최소화시키고 현장에서 적용 가능한 시스템이 되도록 운영할 계획이다.

이는 전처리 시스템을 한 차량에, 소각과 배기가스 등의 후처리 시스템을 한 차량에 나눠, 두 차량이 한 지역으로 이동해서 모듈화 돼 있는 두 시스템을 조립, 이동식 소각장치를 완성할 수 있도록 하는 것이다.

또, PLM 도입을 통해 설계·운영·유지·보수 등 모든 과정에서 제품을 표준화하고 그에 따른 수명관리 시스템을 운영, AS 등의 문제를 충분히 보완할 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.

대기오염물질을 처리하는 데 있어서는 오염물질이 무엇인가에서부터 시작해서 오염물질의 종류, 영향 등을 충분히 연구·조사하고, 연구한 것들은 실험실 규모로 운영해봄으로써 실제로 이용하게 될 경우를 고려해 최적의 시스템을 확보할 계획이다.

사체를 시간당 3톤, 20시간당 60톤 정도 처리하면 대략 16㎏∼20㎏의 소각재가 발생한다. 소각재를 토양에 살포할 때, 중금속 등의 오염물질을 제거할 수 있는 작물을 찾고 최소한의 시간에 환경을 복구 할 수 있는 농업환경 복구 매뉴얼을 개발함으로써 소각로 운영지역의 토양 중금속 오염을 완화하고 환경오염을 최소화시키며 소각로 운영지역의 생물학적 농업환경의 조기 복구가 가능하다.

국민 인식조사 등 신뢰 이끌어내야

무엇보다 살처분 가축을 처리하는 데에는 국민의 인식 제고 및 조사가 꼭 필요하다. 때문에 살처분 가축 처리의 다양한 문제점을 검토하고 전국에 걸친 인식 조사를 실시해 그 조사 결과에 따라 대국민 인지 제고를 위한 홍보시스템을 갖출 계획이다.

기존의 매몰방식을 이동식 소각 시스템으로 전환하면 매몰에 따른 침출수, 매몰지 확보의 어려움 등을 해결하는 시스템이 마련될 것으로 보인다. 이동식 소각시스템의 기대효과는 △매립지 확보 어려움 해결을 통한 토지 이용가능성 확대 △매몰로 인한 2차 환경오염 방지 △신개념 소각시스템 개발 △전염병 확산방지 및 신속한 처리효과 △소각로 운영지역의 토양 중금속 오염 완화 및 환경오염 최소화 △농업환경 조기복구 △체계적인 홍보 시스템을 통한 대국민의 인식 제고 등이다.

이제는 매몰보다는 소각을 선호하고 있으며 살처분 가축의 매몰 처리만을 고집하는 것은 시대적으로 적합하지 않다. 따라서 오늘 소개한 이동식 소각장치가 그 대안이 될 것이라 기대해본다. [『워터저널』 2011. 4월호에 게재]

[출처] [긴급진단] Ⅲ. 가축사체 현장 소각처리 방안|작성자 waterjournal

food-farm-safety-mngmt-guide.pdf

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이동식 도계차량과 이동식 소각 차량이 필요해진 이유

Contents:

Poultry

Mobile Facilities for Marketing Under the 1000 Bird Exemption

Mobile units for custom slaughter/processing

Red Meat Mobile Units

Custom slaughter/processing

Retail Meat Processing (20-C)

Mobile Retail Meat Processing Unit Protocol

5-A Non-Amenable Meats

USDA federally inspected or USDA equivalent plants

Obtaining a Federal Grant of Inspection for a Mobile Red Meat Slaughter Unit:

Updated Sept. 2013

Basic information

Market opportunity/processing problem

Organizations involved

Basic history/development

Funding sources

Business plan

Deciphering regulations and complying

Plant design

Big Glitches and how they were solved

Required equipment

Staff needed and how they were found/trained, what they cost

Financial sustainability plan

Markets accessed

Growth to date

Greatest Challenges

Short video about the MPU

Additional Mobile Slaughter Unit Information

Basic information 기본 정보

Market opportunity/processing problem 시장 기회 / 처리 문제

Organizations involved 참여 단체

Basic history/development 기본 역사 / 개발

Funding sources 자금 조달

Business plan 사업 계획

Deciphering regulations and complying 규정을 해독 및 준수

Plant design 플랜트 설계

Big Glitches and how they were solved 큰 글리치와 어떻게는 해결되었다

Required equipment 필수 장비

Staff needed and how they were found/trained, what they cost 직원이 필요하고 그들이 교육 / 발견 된 방법, 그들이 비용

Financial sustainability plan 재정의 지속 가능성 계획

Markets accessed 시장 접근

Growth to date 지금까지 성장

Greatest Challenges 가장 큰 도전

Short video about the MPU MPU에 대한 짧은 비디오

Additional Mobile Slaughter Unit Information 추가 모바일 도축 단위 정보

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